{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T10:30:26Z","timestamp":1785666626509,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish hard metal company"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occupational exposure to cobalt is well established in hard metal manufacture. Cobalt is known to cause contact allergy, asthma, hard metal lung disease, and lung cancer. The relationship between skin exposure and uptake determined in blood has not been extensively investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether skin and inhalable air exposure to cobalt contributes to uptake, determined as cobalt in blood, in a hard metal manufacturing factory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The amount of cobalt on the skin found with an acid wash technique, the air concentrations of inhalable cobalt and cobalt blood concentrations were determined and correlated in exposed workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a significant rank correlation for cobalt concentrations on the skin, in inhalable air, and in blood (0.376\u20130.498). Multiple linear regression showed significant regression coefficients for cobalt skin exposure and blood (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and for inhalable cobalt in air and blood (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200949.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). According to our model based on data from the regression analyses, a twofold increase in skin exposure levels at different air concentrations caused a 3\u201314% increase in blood levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that skin exposure to cobalt in the hard metal industry could affect the total uptake at the same order of magnitude as air exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T14:13:12Z","timestamp":1499177592000},"page":"201-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Biological monitoring of dermal and air exposure to cobalt at a <scp>S<\/scp>wedish hard metal production plant: does dermal exposure contribute to uptake?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Klasson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine \u00d6rebro University  701 85 \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"iRiSC \u2010 Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University  701 82 \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iRiSC \u2010 Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University  701 82 \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology \u00d6rebro University  701 85 \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ing\u2010Liss","family":"Bryngelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine \u00d6rebro University  701 85 \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Arvidsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine \u00d6rebro University  701 85 \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine \u00d6rebro University  701 85 \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Husby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine \u00d6rebro University  701 85 \u00d6rebro 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