{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:33:44Z","timestamp":1790098424142,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Isocyanates are used in polyurethane production. Dermal exposure to isocyanates can induce contact allergy. The most common isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate used for industrial purposes. The isomer diphenylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate (4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is used in patch testing. Diphenylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diamine (4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is its corresponding amine. Concurrent reactions to 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n have been reported, as have concurrent reactions to 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and dicyclohexylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate (4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate the sensitization capacities and the cross\u2010reactivity of 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and dicyclohexylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diamine (4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The guinea\u2010pig maximization test (\n GPMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was used.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n GPMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed sensitizing capacities for all investigated substances: 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010sensitized animals showed cross\u2010reactivity to 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010sensitized animals showed cross\u2010reactivity to 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n All of the investigated substances were shown to be strong sensitizers. Animals sensitized to 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed cross\u2010reactivity to 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , supporting previous findings in the literature. The aromatic amine 4,4\u2032\u2010\n MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed cross\u2010reactivity to the aliphatic amine 4,4\u2032\u2010\n DMDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T05:31:01Z","timestamp":1496035861000},"page":"231-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sensitization and cross\u2010reactivity patterns of contact allergy to diisocyanates and corresponding amines: investigation of diphenylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate, diphenylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diamine, dicyclohexylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate, and dicylohexylmethane\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haneen","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 205 02 Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 205 02 Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Zimerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 205 02 Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9005-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marl\u00e9ne","family":"Isaksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 205 02 Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8855-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Engfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital 205 02 Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00174-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201002-025RM"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","article-title":"Allergic contact reaction to diphenyl\u20104,4\u2032\u2010diisocyanate","volume":"2","author":"Fregert S","year":"1967","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis Newsl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-07677-4_75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"American Chemistry Council.Patch testing for MDI 2000. 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