{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:11:44Z","timestamp":1790046704528,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003128","name":"Finnish Work Environment Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Contact urticaria (CU<\/jats:styled-content>) and protein contact dermatitis (PCD<\/jats:styled-content>) are mainly induced by an immediate, I<\/jats:styled-content>gE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated immunological mechanism. Immediate sensitization is also linked to asthma and\/or allergic rhinitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To report causes of work\u2010induced CU<\/jats:styled-content> and PCD,<\/jats:styled-content> and to evaluate the occurrence of concomitant airway diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We retrospectively reviewed the patient files of cases diagnosed with CU<\/jats:styled-content> or PCD<\/jats:styled-content> at the F<\/jats:styled-content>innish I<\/jats:styled-content>nstitute of O<\/jats:styled-content>ccupational H<\/jats:styled-content>ealth during 1995\u20132011. We obtained data on occupation, exposures, clinical and immunological test results, and diagnosed occupational skin and respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Altogether, 291 cases of occupational CU<\/jats:styled-content> or PCD<\/jats:styled-content> were diagnosed during the study period. The most common causes were flour, cow dander, natural rubber latex and acid anhydrides. Concomitant occupational asthma caused by the same agent as the skin disease was detected in 60 patients (21%), and occupational rhinitis was detected in 111 patients (38%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Almost half of the patients (46%) with occupational CU<\/jats:styled-content> and PCD<\/jats:styled-content> had concomitant occupational airway disease. Patients with CU<\/jats:styled-content>\/PCD<\/jats:styled-content> should always be asked about respiratory symptoms, and preventive measures at the workplace should include protection of both the skin and the airways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T05:02:39Z","timestamp":1502341359000},"page":"390-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Occupational contact urticaria and protein contact dermatitis: causes and concomitant airway diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Helaskoski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 00251 Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hille","family":"Suojalehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 00251 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Kuuliala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 00251 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiina","family":"Aalto\u2010Korte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 00251 Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Contact Urticaria Syndrome","author":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Arnau A M","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12653"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"Immediate contact skin reactions, an update of contact urticaria, contact urticaria syndrome and protein contact dermatitis\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u2018a never ending story\u2019","volume":"20","author":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Arnau A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"Occupational asthma: new low\u2010molecular\u2010weight causal agents, 2000\u20132010","volume":"2012","author":"Pralong J A","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy (Cairo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:30:1:039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Asthma in the Workplace","author":"Holness D","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Contact Urticaria Syndrome","author":"Aalto\u2010Korte K","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Contact Urticaria Syndrome","author":"Aalto\u2010Korte K","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(94)70046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12858"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Use of nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of occupational rhinitis","volume":"45","author":"Airaksinen L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. 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