{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T07:10:39Z","timestamp":1765177839987,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In spite of extensive regulation to limit exposure, nickel remains the main cause of contact allergy in the general population. More detailed knowledge on the skin uptake of haptens is required. So far, no method exists for the visualization of this clinically relevant hapten and its distribution in the skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To show, in terms of a proof of concept, that imaging mass spectrometry [time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF\u2010SIMS)] can be applied for investigation of the penetration and distribution of nickel in human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full\u2010thickness human skin obtained from breast reduction surgery was exposed to nickel sulfate (5% in deionized water) for 24\u2009h in Franz\u2010type diffusion cells. Biopsies were obtained from nickel\u2010treated samples and control (deionized water). The tissue was sliced, and analysed with ToF\u2010SIMS, generating high\u2010resolution images of ion distribution in the epidermis and upper dermis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The skin layers could be discerned from the ToF\u2010SIMS data, particularly on the basis of the collagen signal. Nickel ions were localized to the stratum corneum and upper epidermis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first time that ToF\u2010SIMS has been applied to trace the distribution of a hapten in human skin. Proof of principle was shown for nickel, and the technique can, in the future, be expanded for investigation of the skin distribution of clinically relevant sensitizers in general.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T08:52:48Z","timestamp":1511427168000},"page":"109-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Imaging mass spectrometry for novel insights into contact allergy\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a proof\u2010of\u2010concept study on nickel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Per","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Imaging Mass Spectrometry Chalmers University of Technology  412 96 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Guttenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Imaging Mass Spectrometry Chalmers University of Technology  412 96 Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Biomedical Photonics Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry University of Gothenburg  412 96 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marica B.","family":"Ericson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Photonics Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry University of Gothenburg  412 96 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9141-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Hagvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  413 45 Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.00980.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501750208155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Commission Regulation (EC) No. 552\/2009 of June 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards Annex XVII","volume":"64","author":"REACH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off J Eur 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