{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:13:10Z","timestamp":1790514790511,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u20100054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u20100054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chromium (Cr) is a common skin sensitizer. The use of Cr(VI) in leather is restricted in the EU, but that of Cr(III) is not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether prolonged exposure to Cr\u2010tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release may elicit allergic contact dermatitis in Cr\u2010allergic individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten Cr\u2010allergic subjects and 22 controls were patch tested with serial dilutions of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), and with leather samples. They then conducted a use test with a Cr\u2010tanned and a Cr\u2010free leather bracelet over a period of 3\u2009weeks, for 12\u2009h per day. Cr deposited on the skin from the bracelets was measured in the controls, and the diphenylcarbazide test for Cr(VI) and extraction tests for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were conducted for the different leathers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four of 10 Cr\u2010allergic subjects developed positive reactions to the Cr\u2010tanned bracelet within 7\u201321\u2009days, whereas only 1 of 10 had a positive patch test reaction to this leather. Cr released from the Cr\u2010tanned leather was most probably entirely Cr(III), with a quantifiable amount being deposited on the skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study strongly suggests that prolonged and repeated exposure to Cr\u2010tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release is capable of eliciting allergic contact dermatitis in Cr\u2010allergic individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1515649607000},"page":"307-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Chromium(III) release from chromium\u2010tanned leather elicits allergic contact dermatitis: a use test study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda S.","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute  171 77 Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Division of Surface and Corrosion Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering  100 44 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Erfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute  171 77 Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mih\u00e1ly","family":"Matura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute  171 77 Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Unit of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council  171 76 Stockholm 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