{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:41:02Z","timestamp":1775079662905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A colorimetric 1,5\u2010diphenylcarbazide (DPC)\u2010based spot test can be used to identify hexavalent chromium on various metallic and leather surfaces. DPC testing on trivalent chromium\u2010passivated zinc surfaces has unexpectedly given positive results in some cases, apparently indicating the presence of hexavalent chromium; however, the presence of hexavalent chromium has never been confirmed with more sensitive and accurate test methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the presence of hexavalent chromium on trivalent chromium\u2010passivated zinc surfaces with a DPC\u2010based spot test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A colorimetric DPC spot test was used for the initial detection of hexavalent chromium on new and 1\u2010year\u2010aged trivalent chromium\u2010passivated zinc surfaces. Then, X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed for all samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DPC spot test indicated the presence of hexavalent chromium in aged, but not new, trivalent chromium passivation on zinc; however, subsequent analysis by XPS could not confirm the presence of chromium in a hexavalent state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unintended oxidation of DPC induced by atmospheric corrosion is suggested as a possible reason for the false\u2010positive reaction of the DPC test on a trivalent chromium\u2010passivated zinc surface. Further validation of the use of the DPC test for chromium\u2010containing metallic surfaces is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T07:49:57Z","timestamp":1516175397000},"page":"315-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["False\u2010positive result when a diphenylcarbazide spot test is used on trivalent chromium\u2010passivated zinc surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5855-440X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeriia","family":"Reveko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collini GmbH  6845 Hohenems Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Lampert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials and Surface Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark  2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rameez U.","family":"Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials and Surface Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark  2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Thyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen  2900 Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Denmark  2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2009.08097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from trivalent chromium in leather tanning","volume":"43","author":"Estlander T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Patch Testing and Prick Testing","author":"Lachapelle J\u2010M","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HuaL ChanY C WuY Pet\u2009al. A highly selective technique to determine hexavalent chromium in electronic and electrical ' in International Conference on Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/POLYTR.2007.4339154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Unexpected results from corrosion testing of trivalent passivates","volume":"94","author":"Rochester T","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plating and Surface Finishing"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.03.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0576(06)80091-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Cr(VI) and Cr(III)\u2010Based Conversion Coatings on Zinc","author":"Zhang X","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01600a014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/100\/1\/012025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"ZaffiroA ZimmermanM WendelkenSet al. Method 218.7: Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography with Post\u2010Column Derivatization and UV\u2013Visible Spectroscopic Detection. Version 1.0. National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) 2011 p.31."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"ZhukN P.Corrosion Theory and Metal Protection course [In Russian]. Metallurgiya Moskow 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2005.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500310b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901291v"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.12955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.12955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T06:15:40Z","timestamp":1695536140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.12955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.12955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]}}}