{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:49:30Z","timestamp":1780555770418,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypersensitivity to metals as a cause of implant\u2010related complications has been a subject of controversy. Projections indicate an increase in the frequency of joint replacements of between 300% and 600% by the year 2030; therefore, this issue is of considerable interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate sensitization to implant materials in patients with implant\u2010related complications, to identify allergens, and to clarify whether hypersensitivity is a relevant cause.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with implant\u2010related complications or a positive history of contact allergy and planned total joint replacements referred for allergological investigation between 2004 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 311 patients were included. A positive patch test reaction to a metal was seen in 64.4% of preoperative patients and in 54.6% of patients with implant\u2010related complications. Common alloy metals such as cobalt, chromium and titanium gave positive reactions in up to 2.9% of patients with implant\u2010related complications. None of the patients with skin changes had a positive patch test reaction to an implant metal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Other factors, such as the type of replaced joint and mechanical stress, seem to be more relevant for implant\u2010related complications. Sensitization to metals or other materials seems to rarely play a role, and is overestimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T08:37:26Z","timestamp":1528706246000},"page":"91-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Metal hypersensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implant complications\u2014A retrospective clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1468-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Furrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergy Unit University Hospital  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Scherer Hofmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Allergy Unit University 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