{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:07:58Z","timestamp":1773018478823,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic contact dermatitis has been described as a type IV reaction caused by antigen\u2010specific T cells. Central roles for CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cytotoxic T cells as effector cells and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells as regulatory cells have been suggested. T helper (Th) 2 and Th1 cytokines have been implicated; however, the nature of the allergen influences the Th response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the types of T cells and cytokines expressed in patients allergic to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (PPD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serial skin biopsies of areas with positive patch test reactions in 29 PPD\u2010sensitized patients were collected. T cell markers and cytokine expression were analysed by flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in both skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of sensitized patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed increased expression of T cell markers and Th2\/Th9\u2010associated cytokines in both skin and stimulated PBMCs of PPD\u2010allergic patients. Moreover, interleukin (IL)\u20109 was mainly produced by Th9 cells, in both skin and PBMCs. Further investigations showed that <jats:italic>Il9r<\/jats:italic>\u2010deficient mice were more affected in a PPD contact hypersensitivity model than wild\u2010type mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did not confirm the preclinical presence of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. However, the expression of different T cell markers positively correlated with patch test reactions. IL\u20109 expression was strongly upregulated and directly related to patch test severity. In addition, we showed that IL\u20109 has an anti\u2010inflammatory role in a mouse model of PPD contact hypersensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T14:17:53Z","timestamp":1538144273000},"page":"346-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased expression of interleukin\u20109 in patients with allergic contact dermatitis caused by <i>p<\/i>\u2010phenylenediamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Baeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC P\u00f4le Pneumologie, ORL, Dermatologie), Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7000-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC P\u00f4le Pneumologie, ORL, Dermatologie), Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"de Montjoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC P\u00f4le Pneumologie, ORL, Dermatologie), Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels 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