{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T06:23:37Z","timestamp":1786775017871,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2012, Danish authorities submitted a proposal to the European Chemical Agency restricting the content of hexavalent chromium to a maximum of 3 ppm in leather goods. Following its adoption, this proposal was implemented in 2015 as a directive in the EU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the temporal trend of chromium contact allergy in adult dermatitis patients patch tested between 2002 and 2017, and to determine clinical characteristics and causative exposures in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All adult dermatitis patients patch tested between 2002 and 2017 were included. Patch test data were reviewed retrospectively. Comparisons were performed with the <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\n<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold><\/jats:sup> test and logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 13\u2009379 adults aged 18 to 99\u2009years were patch tested between 2002 and 2017. The overall prevalence of chromium allergy was 2.2%. An overall decreasing trend was found for the prevalence of chromium allergy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> =\u20090.00002). Specifically, a significant difference was found for the study periods 2010 to 2013 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.002) and 2014 to 2017 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt; 0.0001) as compared with 2002 to 2005. Leather remained the most important single cause of allergic contact dermatitis caused by chromium. The proportion of clinically relevant leather exposures increased from 42.3% during 2002 to 2009 to 54.8% during 2010 to 2017 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of chromium allergy is decreasing. The EU Directive restricting the use of hexavalent chromium in leather goods is thought to be playing a central role in this change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T08:47:15Z","timestamp":1542358035000},"page":"156-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Temporal changes in chromium allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Alinaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Zachariae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Thyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne D.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000257177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"European Union Commission Regulation (EU) No. 301\/2014 of 25 March 2014 amending Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration Evaluation Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards chromium VI compounds Text with EEA relevance."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb02435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Permanent disability from skin diseases. 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