{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:30:35Z","timestamp":1791282635892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of allergic contact dermatitis has significantly increased in healthcare workers since the transition from latex to synthetic rubber gloves, with 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine being identified as the most frequently implicated allergen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To highlight the role of 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine as the culprit allergen in contact allergies to synthetic rubber gloves, to propose recommendations for patch testing, and to discuss alternatives for sensitized subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patch test data from healthcare workers who developed hand dermatitis after wearing rubber gloves and who reacted positively to glove samples and rubber additives were collected from September 2010 to December 2017 in a Belgian hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 caregivers were included in this study. Patch tests showed that: (a) 84% of the study population reacted positively to carba mix; (b) 86% reacted positively to 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine; and (c) 13 (30%) reacted positively to thiuram mix. Half of the subjects reacted positively to gloves containing 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine, whereas none reacted to accelerator\u2010free gloves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most commonly identified allergen was 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine, far ahead of thiurams, which were previously described as the most sensitizing accelerators. The use of 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine\u2010free gloves is recommended. No subject reacted to gloves without accelerators, thus confirming their efficiency among accelerator\u2010sensitized patients. We recommend that 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine be added to the European baseline series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T08:15:02Z","timestamp":1553069702000},"page":"167-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Allergic contact dermatitis caused by synthetic rubber gloves in healthcare workers: Sensitization to 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine is common"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Dejonckheere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc, Brussels, Belgium and IREC (Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique) P\u00f4le Pneumologie, ORL, Dermatologie, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7000-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc, Brussels, Belgium and IREC (Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique) P\u00f4le Pneumologie, ORL, Dermatologie, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Baeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc, Brussels, Belgium and IREC (Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique) P\u00f4le Pneumologie, ORL, Dermatologie, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain  Brussels 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