{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1788458525183,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to studies on adults, patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is insufficient to detect aluminium allergy, and a 10% preparation is recommended. Other studies suggest that a 2% preparation is sufficient for testing children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review three previously published Swedish studies on patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether, 601 children with persistent itching subcutaneous nodules (granulomas) induced by aluminium\u2010adsorbed vaccines were patch tested with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. and metallic aluminium in (a) a pertussis vaccine trial, (b) clinical practice, and (c) a prospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 459 children had positive reactions to the 2% pet. preparation. Another 10 reacted positively only to metallic aluminium. An extreme positive reaction (+++) was seen in 65% of children aged 1 to 2 years as compared with 22% of children aged 7 years. From 8 years onwards, extreme positive reactions were scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is sufficient to trace aluminium allergy in children. Small children are at risk of extreme reactions. We thus suggest that aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10% pet. should not be used routinely in children before the age of 7 to 8 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T06:53:41Z","timestamp":1557298421000},"page":"81-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum: A review and a recommendation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-7967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabet","family":"Bergfors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annica","family":"Inerot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Nystr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Centre Link\u00f6ping University Hospital  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birger","family":"Trollfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sahlgrenska University Hospital  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Reactions to aluminum and its salts","volume":"33","author":"Fisher AA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"664","volume-title":"Contact Dermatitis","author":"Lid\u00e9n C","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00531-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Post\u2010vaccination granuloma due to aluminium hydroxide","volume":"21","author":"Bordet AL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199304000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.12.1421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01903.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Subcutaneous nodules following treatment with aluminium\u2010containing allergen extracts","volume":"11","author":"Nagore E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1841-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2318-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.1998.0596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"2180","article-title":"Vaccination granuloma in the breast region\u2014a differential diagnosis","volume":"153","author":"Nielsen VT","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-007779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpat.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"SiemundI.Contact Allergy to Aluminium [dissertation]. 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