{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T04:43:20Z","timestamp":1771389800958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid\u2010manufacturing facility workers are at risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by opioids in an opioid\u2010manufacturing facility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review was performed of patients assessed at the Occupational Dermatology Clinic in Melbourne, Australia from 2004 to 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen workers from an opioid\u2010manufacturing facility were assessed in our clinic over a period of 14\u2009years. Of these, 11 individuals were diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by opioids, with seven reacting to thebaine, five to morphine, four to norhydroxymorphinone, two to codeine, and two to oripavine. Two people were suspected of having immediate hypersensitivity reactions to opioids, including one who also had allergic contact dermatitis. Two patients were diagnosed with urticaria, aggravated at work. One patient was diagnosed with a non\u2010occupational rash.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a case series of workers with allergic contact dermatitis caused by opioids in a manufacturing facility. With greater awareness, including implementation of an educational programme and improved skin protection, the number of cases declined over time. Interestingly, norhydroxymorphinone had not been reported as an allergen before. Further testing is required to establish optimal patch test concentrations of all opiates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T07:03:46Z","timestamp":1557299026000},"page":"332-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occupational contact dermatitis caused by opioids: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Flury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Dermatologie und Allergologie, Luzerner Kantonsspital (LUKS)  Luzern Switzerland"},{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary L.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.  Carlton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"RoystonD HemmingsHC. Physiology and Pharmacology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application: Expert Consult\u2014Online and Print. Elsevier. p. 253; 2013.http:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/dura\/browse\/bookChapter\/3-s2.0-C20090417124. 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