{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:03:03Z","timestamp":1787320983525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fixed drug eruption (FDE) represents a drug\u2010related cutaneous reaction. Many drugs been associated with this clinical entity, with continually evolving documentation of implicated agents and clinical presentations. A bullous form can occur although it is rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of FDE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed all FDE cases who presented to the Clinical Pharmacology Department at the University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia, for allergy workup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the 41 confirmed FDE cases was 43.8 \u00b1\u200915.5 years. The time between first lesion onset and FDE diagnosis was less than 1 month for 13 patients (31.7%). Fifteen patients had bullous lesions. The upper limbs were the most common location (65.9% of cases). The patch tests were positive in 27 cases; a provocation test yielded a positive response in the four cases tested. Nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were involved in 51.2%, antibiotics in 24.4%, and other analgesics in 19.5%. The most common offending drug was mefenamic acid in 24.4% of cases. Bullous lesions were significantly associated with paracetamol intake (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009.014; odds ratio 16.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.76\u2010158).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NSAIDs and antibiotics were the most implicated in inducing FDE; paracetamol was associated with bullous lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T10:49:28Z","timestamp":1562755768000},"page":"336-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Clinical features, culprit drugs, and allergology workup in 41 cases of fixed drug eruption"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9558-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najah","family":"Ben Fadhel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Chaabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmi","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifa","family":"Ben Romdhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosra","family":"Soua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Dermatology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohra","family":"Chadli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jameleddine","family":"Zili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Dermatology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naceur A.","family":"Boughattas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Ben Fredj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Aouam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Department of Pharmacology University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2014.6.5.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.129435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"236703","article-title":"Clinical features and drug characteristics of patients with generalized fixed drug eruption in the west of Iran (2005\u20102014)","author":"Kavoussi H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Res 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A clinical study","volume":"52","author":"Kauppinen K","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000248578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2013027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"NaimaS RafikM HaneneHK et al.Fixed drug eruption caused by carbamazepine in a patient with lafora body disease.2017;3."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"A patch test confirmed phenobarbital\u2010induced fixed drug eruption in a child","volume":"13","author":"Chadly Z","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.13351","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T04:34:24Z","timestamp":1694147664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.13351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.13351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13351","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}