{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:54:28Z","timestamp":1747184068147,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health\u2010care workers (HCWs) and professionals working in the pharmaceutical industry are at risk of developing occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from systemic drugs (or drug intermediates).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study demographic characteristics and identify systemic drugs responsible for OACD in patients investigated for contact allergy during the period 2001\u20102019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the study period, 9780 patients were patch tested with the European baseline series, sometimes with additional series, and other relevant potential allergens. All patients with a positive patch\u2010test reaction to systemic medication exposed to at work were included for further analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1248 HCWs examined in our clinic, 201 suffered from OACD. In 26 (13%) dermatitis was caused by skin contact with a systemic drug: 19 nurses, five chemists working in the pharmaceutical industry, one physician, and one veterinarian. In total, 45 positive patch\u2010test reactions to 20 different systemic drugs were found, with tetrazepam (n = 11), ranitidine hydrochloride (n = 5), and zolpidem (n = 4) being the most frequent. Three pharmaceutical chemists were sensitized to a drug intermediate. The lesions were mostly localized on the hands, but often also on the face, as airborne dermatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As much as 13% of OACD in HCWs, diagnosed in our tertiary referral center, was attributable to systemic drugs, most frequently in nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T08:33:43Z","timestamp":1565426023000},"page":"24-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from systemic drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-3104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Gilissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Dermato\u2010Immunology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Contact Allergy Unit University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Boeckxstaens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Geebelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9805-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Dermato\u2010Immunology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Contact Allergy Unit University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02035-3_180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqq075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05645.x"},{"volume-title":"Patch Testing, Test concentrations and vehicles for 4350 chemicals","year":"2008","author":"Groot AC","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01484834-20170421-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.460208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.0225c.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.044006366-7.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Stevens\u2010Johnson syndrome from tetrazepam","volume":"26","author":"S\u00e1nchez I","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"EMA. 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