{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:15:16Z","timestamp":1773940516669,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Humans are exposed to a variety of metals on a daily basis, and nickel is the most frequent contact allergen. Little is known about the frequency of sensitization to indium and iridium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>Study the prevalence of indium and iridium sensitization and evaluate the optimal patch test conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A total of 364 patients were patch tested at the allergy unit of the University Hospital of Basel. Pure metals, metal chlorides, and metal sulfates were applied in petrolatum or water in Inert Quadrate (IQ) test chambers for 2\u2009days and read twice at day (D) 2, and between D4 and D7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Eleven patients reacted to indium salts (3.0%), 13 to iridium salts (3.6%), and one reacted to both salts. None of the patients reacted to pure metals. Nineteen of the 23 patients who reacted either to indium or iridium showed concomitant positive reactions to other metals, mainly nickel and palladium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>This retrospective clinical study provides insight into the prevalence and test conditions of two rarely tested metal allergens in a large patient cohort. A considerable number of indium\u2010 or iridium\u2010positive subjects had co\u2010sensitization to other metals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,5]],"date-time":"2020-04-05T08:19:01Z","timestamp":1586074741000},"page":"94-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Indium and iridium: Two rare metals with a high rate of contact sensitization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Terrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Regional Hospital of Lugano Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Scherer Hofmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Bircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58503-1_35"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prac.18630900122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey 2019 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019: U.S. Geological Survey 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