{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:47:50Z","timestamp":1792532870664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the context of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, cases of adverse skin reactions related to the wearing of masks have been observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the short\u2010term effects of N95 respirators and medical masks, respectively, on skin physiological properties and to report adverse skin reactions caused by the protective equipment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used a randomized crossover design with repeated measurements. Twenty healthy Chinese volunteers were recruited. Skin parameters were measured on areas covered by the respective masks and on uncovered skin 2 and 4 hours after donning, and 0.5 and 1 hour after removing the masks, including skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, pH, and sebum secretion. Adverse reactions were clinically assessed, and perceived discomfort and non\u2010compliance measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin hydration, TEWL, and pH increased significantly with wearing the protective equipment. Erythema values increased from baseline. Sebum secretion increased both on the covered and uncovered skin with equipment\u2010wearing. There was no significant difference in physiological values between the two types of equipment. More adverse reactions were reported following a N95 mask use than the use of a medical mask, with a higher score of discomfort and non\u2010compliance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that skin biophysical characters change as a result of wearing a mask or respirator. N95 respirators were associated with more skin reactions than medical masks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T05:34:14Z","timestamp":1589434454000},"page":"115-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Short\u2010term skin reactions following use of <scp>N95<\/scp> respirators and medical masks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4728-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) outbreak.https:\/\/www.who.int. opens in new tab. Accessed April 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01206501-200706000-00013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Surgical mask contact dermatitis and epidemiology of contact dermatitis in healthcare workers","volume":"30","author":"Al Badri FM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.05003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"3M Center. 3M filtering facepiece respirator fitting instructions.https:\/\/multimedia.3m.com\/mws\/media\/40738O\/3m-filtering-facepiece-respirator-fitting-instructions.pdf.Accessed April 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/files\/pdf\/use_mask_properly.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjwjpm1wtboAhWPqZ4KHUCdB3IQFjAEegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw27xjjwHpatQFFDcKuSxtJd&cshid=1586269533951. Accessed April 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1997.tb00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000069756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. How to protect yourself.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/prevent-gettingsick\/prevention.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Fprevention.html.Accessed April 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-health-care-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak.Accessed April 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15759.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1167-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2564-9"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcod.13601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.13601","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T05:58:32Z","timestamp":1693893512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.13601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.13601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13601","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}