{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:31:37Z","timestamp":1758817897539,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the development of successful vaccines against coronaviruses may be achieved, for some individuals the immune response that they stimulate may prove to be insufficient for effective host defence. The principle that a relatively strong contact allergen will have an enhancing effect on sensitization compared with a less potent contact allergen if they are co\u2010administered, may not, at first, appear relevant to this issue. However, this augmentation effect is thought to be due to the sharing of common or complementary pathways. Here, we briefly consider aspects of the shared and complementary pathways between skin sensitization induced by exposure to a contact allergen and the immune response to viruses, with particular reference to COVID\u201019. The relationship leads us to explore whether this principle, which we name here as \u201cco\u2010operative immune augmentation\u201d may be extended to include viral vaccination. We consider evidence that even relatively weak contact allergens, used in vaccines for other purposes, can show enhanced sensitization, which is in keeping with a co\u2010operative augmentation principle. Finally, we consider how the potent contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone could be employed safely as an enhancer of vaccine responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]],"date-time":"2020-08-09T15:43:30Z","timestamp":1596987810000},"page":"432-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Harnessing co\u2010operative immune augmentation by contact allergens to enhance the efficacy of viral vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2009-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise S.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Basketter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DABMEB Consultancy Ltd  Sharnbrook UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0969-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicity J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Kimber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31252-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","article-title":"An inflammatory profile correlates with decreased frequency of cytotoxic cells in COVID\u201019","author":"Bordoni V","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64027-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.11.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2318-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30543-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb04500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e31825228cf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2005630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2013.25.4.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1622"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13685","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.13685","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T20:39:19Z","timestamp":1693859959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.13685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.13685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13685","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0105-1873"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}