{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:53:16Z","timestamp":1747183996547,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidermal T cells play a central role in immune surveillance and in inflammatory skin diseases. Major differences in the epidermal T cell composition are found between adult humans and antigen\u2010inexperienced laboratory mice. Whether this is due to inborn species differences, to different environmental exposures, or a combination of the two is a matter of debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the role of age and exposure to antigens on epidermal T cell subsets in human and mouse skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We isolated T cells from the epidermis from 19 infants and 26 adults, and determined the frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b1\u03b2 T cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells by flow cytometry. In addition, we determined the epidermal T cell composition in antigen\u2010inexperienced and antigen\u2010experienced mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that humans are born with very few epidermal T cells. The number increases and the composition changes with age. In antigen\u2010inexperienced mice, the epidermal T cell composition is unaffected by age, but it is dramatically affected by antigen exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, we show that antigen exposure, as opposed to age, is the major factor determining the composition of epidermal T cells, suggesting that the skin of antigen\u2010experienced mice better reflects the immunological conditions in human skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T02:25:09Z","timestamp":1613096709000},"page":"375-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epidermal T cell subsets\u2014Effect of age and antigen exposure in humans and mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Anne\u2010Sofie \u00d8stergaard","family":"Gadsb\u00f8ll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mia Hamilton","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malin Glindvad","family":"Ahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Dyring\u2010Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Woetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"\u00d8dum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne Duus","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Menn\u00e9","family":"Bonefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0404-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208927109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091040207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12518332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12518326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4431"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human skin is protected by four functionally and phenotypically discrete populations of resident and recirculating memory T cells","volume":"2","author":"Watanabe 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