{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:22:26Z","timestamp":1777998146216,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patch testing is the gold standard for identifying culprit allergens in allergic contact dermatitis; however, it is laborious and positive reactions are difficult to quantitate. Development of complementary in vitro tests is, therefore, of great importance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to improve the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) to detect allergic responses to nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one metal allergic patients with a positive patch test to Ni (n=16), Co (n=8), and Cr (n=3) and 13 controls were included. All were tested by a flow cytometric LPT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metal\u2010reactive cells were identified as T helper (Th) cells with high expression of the memory marker CD45RO. Skin\u2010homing (cutaneous lymphocyte\u2010associated antigen positive [CLA+]) Ni\u2010reactive memory Th (Th<jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>) cells identified individuals with a positive patch test for Ni with 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 81%\u2010100%) and 92% specificity (95% CI 67%\u2010100%). Moreover, Co\u2010specific Th<jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> cells expressing CCR6 identified patients with a positive patch test for Co with 63% sensitivity (95% CI 31%\u201086%) and 100% specificity (95% CI 77%\u2010100%). In Cr allergic individuals, Cr\u2010reactive Th<jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> cells tended to increased CLA and CCR6 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metal\u2010reactive Th cells with high expression of CD45RO and coexpression of CLA and CCR6 improved the LPT, making it an attractive supplement to the patch test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T06:57:38Z","timestamp":1613113058000},"page":"7-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Memory T helper cells identify patients with nickel, cobalt, and chromium metal allergy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2027-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars H.","family":"Blom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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