{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:50:21Z","timestamp":1791942621702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have examined the relationship between nummular (discoid) eczema (NE) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine trends, associations, and clinical relevance of ACD in patients with NE who were referred for patch testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 38\u2009723 patients from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 748 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with NE; 23.9% had a concomitant diagnosis of ACD. The prevalence of NE fluctuated over time between 2001 and 2016, with no overall change in prevalence in diagnosed NE. In multivariable logistic regression models, NE increased steadily with age and was associated with male sex and Asian and other race\/ethnicity, and inversely associated with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and hay fever. Patients with NE had lower proportions of one or more positive allergic reactions and lower odds of a positive reaction in multiple individual allergens. The most commonly relevant allergens in patients with NE were formaldehyde 2.0% aq., methylisothiazolinone, quaternium 15, fragrance mix I, and propylene glycol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>NE is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct subsets of lesional distributions and a profile of relevant allergens, especially formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. Nearly one in four patients with NE had ACD, supporting the role of patch testing in patients with NE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T08:44:15Z","timestamp":1614329055000},"page":"46-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with nummular (discoid) eczema referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology George Washington University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin M.","family":"Warshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Park Nicollet Health Services Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"DeKoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Zug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9104-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Sasseville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony F.","family":"Fransway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associates in Dermatology Fort Myers Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"DeLeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo J.","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber R.","family":"Atwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Zirwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"James G.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Adult\u2010onset atopic dermatitis: a cross\u2010sectional study of natural history and clinical manifestation","volume":"25","author":"Kulthanan K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-019-00453-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0340-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e318260d5a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"2019","volume-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology","author":"Silverberg JI"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Clinical features and aggravating factors in nummular eczema in Thais","volume":"31","author":"Jiamton S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.18945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1872213X14666200810152246"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"North American contact dermatitis group patch\u2010test results, 2001\u20102002 study period","volume":"15","author":"Pratt MD","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.071"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Significance\u2010prevalence index number: a reinterpretation and enhancement of data from the north American contact dermatitis group","volume":"41","author":"Maouad M","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.11.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00219.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"871","article-title":"Patch testing in nummular eczema: comparison of patch test results between nummular eczema and atopic dermatitis","volume":"45","author":"Kang IJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12098"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Contact dermatitis, patch testing, and allergen avoidance","volume":"112","author":"Burkemper NM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475415582306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02157.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304110-00006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to fragrance: a review","volume":"7","author":"Scheinman PL","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.07037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70056-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"e241","article-title":"Nummular dermatitis: report of two cases in children","volume":"114","author":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Blanco J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555549189196","article-title":"Nummular eczema\u2010clinical and statistical data","volume":"49","author":"Hellgren L","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1964.01590250033006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620160028006"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13824","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.13824","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T01:49:59Z","timestamp":1697939399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.13824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.13824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13824","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}