{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T09:30:57Z","timestamp":1768123857754,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) outbreak has presented unique dermatologic challenges due to respiratory protective equipment (RPE)\u2013related skin conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To objectively evaluate the effects of RPE including medical masks and respirators on the skin barrier by measuring various physiological properties of the skin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was designed. Twenty healthy healthcare workers were included in this study. Skin parameters including skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, sebum secretion, pH, and skin temperature were measured in the RPE\u2010covered and RPE\u2010uncovered areas of the face 4 and 8\u2009hours after wearing RPE and 14\u2009hours after not wearing RPE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin hydration, TEWL, erythema, pH, and skin temperature increased in the RPE\u2010covered areas after wearing RPE for 4 and 8\u2009hours. By contrast, in the RPE\u2010uncovered areas, skin hydration decreased and TEWL, erythema, and pH showed minimal changes over time. Based on the repeated\u2010measure analysis, the changes in skin physiological properties over time were significantly different between RPE\u2010covered and RPE\u2010uncovered areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed that skin physiological characteristics change with the prolonged use of RPE such as medical masks and respirators. These changes may lead to various adverse skin reactions after long\u2010term use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T12:44:50Z","timestamp":1617540290000},"page":"225-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Changes in skin characteristics after using respiratory protective equipment (medical masks and respirators) in the COVID\u201019 pandemic among healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Sung","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun 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