{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:05:35Z","timestamp":1789643135398,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFL18\u20100173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFL18\u20100173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tattoo inks have been reported to elicit allergic contact dermatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the labels and the contents of metals and pigments in tattoo inks, considering restrictions within the European Union.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010three tattoo inks currently available on the market, either bought or donated (already used), were investigated for trace metals and pigments by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010three percent of the bought tattoo inks violated European, legal requirements on labeling. Fifty percent of the tattoo inks declared at least one pigment ingredient incorrectly. Sixty\u2010one percent of the inks contained pigments of concern, especially red inks. Iron, aluminium, titanium, and copper (most in green\/blue inks) were the main metals detected in the inks. The level of metal impurities exceeded current restriction limits in only a few cases. Total chromium (0.35\u2010139\u2009\u03bcg\/g) and nickel (0.1\u201041\u2009\u03bcg\/g) were found in almost all samples. The levels of iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, and arsenic were found to covary significantly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To prevent contact allergy and toxic reactions among users it is important for tattoo ink manufacturers to follow the regulations and decrease nickel and chromium impurities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T08:46:47Z","timestamp":1622882807000},"page":"340-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Analytical survey of tattoo inks\u2014A chemical and legal perspective with focus on sensitizing substances"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3600-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Josefsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Meschnark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Louise","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Emmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Goessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda S.","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Resolution ResAP(2008) 1 on requirements and criteria for the safety of tattoos and permanent make\u2010up (superseding Resolution ResAP (2003) 2 on tattoos and permanent make\u2010up).https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/16805d3dc4. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02655-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"PiccininiP PakalinS ContorL BianchiI SenaldiC. JRC science for policy report: safety of tattoos and permanent make\u2010up final. European commision technical report 2016.https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/45616482.pdf. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Swedish Chemicals Agency. Farliga \u00e4mnen i tatueringsf\u00e4rger \u2010 Utredning av tillsynsansvar samt behov av ytterligare reglering.https:\/\/www.kemi.se\/download\/18.6df1d3df171c243fb23a990f\/1591454113466\/rapport-3-10-tatueringsfarg.pdf. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"The tattooed population in Italy: a national survey on demography, characteristics and perception of health risks","volume":"54","author":"Renzoni A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0317-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000292627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) Committee for Socio\u2010economic Analysis (SEAC) \u2010 Opinion on an Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions on substances used in tattoo inks and permanent make\u2010up.https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/documents\/10162\/dc3d6ea4-df3f-f53d-eff0-540ff3a5b1a0. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1406-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Resolution ResAP(2003) 2 on tattoos and permanent make\u2010up.https:\/\/search.coe.int\/cm\/Pages\/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016805df8d3. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Commission regulation (EU) 2020\/2081 of 14 December 2020 amending Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration Evaluation Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards substances in tattoo inks or permanent make\u2010up.https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R2081&qid=1609761602759. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.13035.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Goss\u2010SampsonM.Statistical analysis in JASP: A guide for students.https:\/\/static.jasp-stats.org\/Statistical%20Analysis%20in%20JASP%20-%20A%20Students%20Guide%20v2.pdf. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Substance Information.https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/substance-information\/-\/substanceinfo\/100.018.645. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Regulation (EC) no. 1223\/2009 of the European parliament and of the council of 30 november 2009 on cosmetic products.https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:02009R1223-20160812&from=EN. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Regulation (EC) no. 1333\/2008 of the European parliament and of the council of 16 december 2008 on food additives.https:\/\/www.fsai.ie\/uploadedFiles\/Consol_Reg1333_2008.pdf. Accessed May 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BircherAJ.Metal allergy: other metals. In:AllergyM ChenJK ThyssenJP eds.Springer;2018:467\u2010479.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58503-1_35"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1875038900902020026"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Azo pigments: their history, synthesis, properties, and use in artists' materials","volume":"57","author":"Berrie BH","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stud Hist Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0550-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Influence of metal ions on human lymphocytes and the generation of titanium\u2010specific T\u2010lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Chan E","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Appl Biomater Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58503-1_34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58503-1_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2014.934439"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12730","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma in association with a red tattoo","volume":"14","author":"Schmitz I","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59453-2.00029-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-2-9327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81393-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369236"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13913","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.13913","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:39:31Z","timestamp":1693201171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.13913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.13913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13913","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}