{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:09:23Z","timestamp":1777558163706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In March 2014, the European Commission issued a new regulation restricting the content of hexavalent chromium (Cr) in leather to no more than 3\u2009mg\/kg. We previously performed a questionnaire study in January 2014 to characterize our patients with Cr contact allergy prior to regulatory intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether clinical characteristics, self\u2010reported sources of Cr exposure, and burden of disease changed in patients with Cr allergy over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire study was performed among 172 adult dermatitis patients with Cr allergy and 587 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched dermatitis patients without Cr allergy. A questionnaire was sent to all dermatitis patients patch tested from 2003 to 2018 in August 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall response rate was 61.2% (759\/1241). Patients with Cr allergy were still more commonly affected by current foot dermatitis (odds ratio [OR]\u00a03.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07\u20107.08) and hand dermatitis (OR\u20091.98, 95% CI 1.13\u20103.49) compared with controls diagnosed during 2013 to 2018. The proportion of patients with Cr allergy reporting dermatitis caused by leather exposure did not change during 2003 to 2012 vs 2013 to 2018 (71.0% vs 66.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.5). Furthermore, estimates on occupational performance and disease severity (eg, current dermatitis), number of anatomical locations with dermatitis, worst\u2010case dermatitis, and effect on work were similar in patients with Cr allergy for 2003 to 2012 vs 2013 to 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No immediate sign of improvement was found in patients with Cr allergy concerning severity of disease and dermatitis from leather exposures 5\u2009years after adoption of the regulation against hexavalent Cr in leather. The regulation may have to be revised for better protection of those already sensitized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T16:46:25Z","timestamp":1624985185000},"page":"514-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["No immediate effect of regulatory reduction of chromium in leather among adult patients with chromium allergy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Alinaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Thyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Zachariae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne D.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"The epidemiology of contact allergy. Allergen exposure and recent trends","volume":"144","author":"Thyssen JP","year":"2009","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Directive 2003\/53\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2003 amending for the 26th time Council Directive 76\/769\/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylate and cement)","volume":"178","author":"European Union","year":"2003","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Arbejdstilsynets bekendtg\u00f8relse nr 661 af 28. November 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"European Union Commission regulation (EU) No. 301\/2014 of 25 March 2014 amending Annex XVII to regulation (EC) No. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration. Evaluation Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards chromium VI compounds Text with EEA relevance."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.5541510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Chromium VI and cobalt in leather goods; Control of chromium and risk evaluation of cobalt. Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. Environmental Protection Agency. September 2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.0230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12946"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chromium and leather: a review on the chemistry of relevance of allergic contact dermatitis to chromium","volume":"20","author":"Hedberg YS","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Leather Sci Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13786"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13925","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.13925","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.13925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T08:44:42Z","timestamp":1735807482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.13925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.13925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.13925","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}