{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1790506537141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Apprentice nurses are considered at high risk to developing occupational skin diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assessed the frequency and origin of hand eczema, and work\u2010related risk factors in apprentice nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved 240 final\u2010year apprentice nurses (females 75%, median age 19\u2009years) from vocational schools in Zagreb, Croatia. The study was performed in 2020\/2021 and included a questionnaire and clinical examination by means of the Osnabr\u00fcck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI). Skin prick test (SPT) with natural rubber latex (NRL) allergen, and patch test with the basic series of allergens, and disinfectants, were performed in 42 apprentice nurses with hand eczema that lasted more than 3\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinically observed and self\u2010reported hand eczema were found in 49% and 46% of apprentice nurses, respectively. Those with observed changes were older and reported more days per month spent on practical work than those with healthy skin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001). Median OHSI was 4 (interquartile range 2\u20106). There were no positive SPTs to latex, and 11 (26%) apprentice nurses had positive patch test reactions to one or more tested allergens, mostly nickel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hand eczema was common in final\u2010year apprentice nurses during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. It was mostly of irritative origin, associated with the duration of practical training, confirming cumulative effect of hazards on skin barrier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T04:49:15Z","timestamp":1636778955000},"page":"98-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characteristics of hand eczema in final\u2010year apprentice nurses during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Franka","family":"\u0160aki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Occupational and Environmental Medicine Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health  Zagreb 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