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Allergic contact dermatitis is the clinically relevant consequence of skin sensitization, one of the most critical occupational and environmental health issues related to xenobiotics exposure. The first key event identified for the skin sensitization process to a chemical is its aptitude to react with epidermal proteins and form antigenic structures that will further trigger the immune response. Many chemical sensitizers are suspected to react through mechanisms involving radical intermediates. This review focuses on the recent progress we have accomplished over the last few years studying radical intermediates derived from skin\u2010sensitizing chemicals by electron paramagnetic resonance in combination with the spin\u2010trapping technique. Our work is carried out \u201cfrom the molecule\u201d, performing studies in solution, \u201cto the tissue\u201d, by the development of a methodology on a reconstructed human epidermis model, very close in terms of histology and metabolic\/enzymatic activity to real human epidermis, that can be used as suitable biological tissue model. The benefits are to test chemicals under conditions close to human use and real\u2010life sensitization exposures and benefit from the three\u2010dimensional (3D) microenvironment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T10:33:55Z","timestamp":1641292435000},"page":"241-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electron paramagnetic resonance and spin trapping to detect free radicals from allergenic hydroperoxides in contact with the skin: From the molecule to the tissue"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Vileno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"POMAM Laboratory, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry UMR 7177 University of Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Port\u2010Lougarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatochemistry Laboratory CNRS, Institute of Chemistry UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Gim\u00e9nez\u2010Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatochemistry Laboratory CNRS, Institute of Chemistry UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD Test No 168: The Adverse Outcome Pathway for skin sensitisation initiated by covalent binding to proteins. 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