{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:48:56Z","timestamp":1791726536512,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hand eczema (HE) is the most frequently occurring occupational skin disease. However, studies on non\u2010occupational wet exposure, occupations not considered as high\u2010risk, and socioeconomic factors regarding HE are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between HE and occupational and non\u2010occupational wet exposure and work\u2010related factors in the Dutch general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the Lifelines Cohort Study, participants with HE were identified by a digital, add\u2010on questionnaire that included questions regarding exposure. Data on work\u2010related and socioeconomic factors were collected from baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 57\u2009046 participants (42.0%) were included. Occupational and non\u2010occupational wet exposure were positively associated with HE in the past year (odds ratios (ORs) 1.35, [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22\u20131.49] and 1.34, [95%CI: 1.17\u20101.53], respectively). Positive associations for high\u2010risk occupations (OR 1.20, [95%CI: 1.06\u20101.36] for personal care workers in health services and OR 1.25, [95%CI: 1.06\u20101.48] for nursing and midwifery professionals), occupations not considered as high\u2010risk (OR 1.19, [95%CI: 1.03\u20101.39] for legal, social and religious associate professionals) and higher levels of education were found (OR 1.17, [95%CI: 1.04\u20101.32] and OR 1.18, [95%CI: 1.04\u20101.34] for middle and high level, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preventive strategies for HE should focus on avoidance of all wet exposure, regardless of origin. In addition, job tasks instead of job title should be taken into account. As previous results on the association between HE and socioeconomic factors differ, future research should focus on a uniform definition of socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T04:49:34Z","timestamp":1644036574000},"page":"493-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Exposure and work\u2010related factors in subjects with hand eczema: Data from a cross\u2010sectional questionnaire within the Lifelines Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolein J.","family":"Brands","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Loman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie L.A.","family":"Schuttelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2014.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510036658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v101.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"Arbeitsmedizin. 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