{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:58:16Z","timestamp":1791197896263,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relevant nickel and cobalt release from hairdressing tools has recently been evidenced. Comparable data are not available for tools used in beauty salons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Screening of beauty tools for nickel and cobalt release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods\/Materials<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred eight beauty tools were tested in seven beauty salons located in two North\u2010German states. A nickel spot test and a cobalt spot test were used to test the tools for nickel release and cobalt release, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty\u2010three of 308 beauty tools overall (46.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.8%\u201052.2%) released nickel and 18 of 308 beauty tools overall (5.8%; 95%CI: 3.5%\u20109.1%) released cobalt. Nickel release was found in 22 of 99 metal tools (22.2%; 95%CI: 14.5%\u201031.7%) and 121 of 209 tools with metallic parts (57.9%; 95%CI: 50.9%\u201064.7%); cobalt release was detected in 3 of 99 metal tools (3.0%; 95%CI: 0.63%\u20108.6%) and 15 of 209 tools with metallic parts (7.2%; 95%CI: 4.1%\u201011.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nickel and cobalt are emitted at allergologically relevant levels by a wide range of beauty tools (i.e., metal tools and tools with metallic parts) utilized in the German cosmetics trade. Beauty tools should thus be considered occupational sources of nickel and cobalt exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T08:39:49Z","timestamp":1647333589000},"page":"162-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nickel and cobalt release from beauty tools: A field study in the German cosmetics trade"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Symanzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Uter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMBE) Friedrich\u2010Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\/N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selina\u2010Marie","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Skudlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5406-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swen M.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) Osnabr\u00fcck University  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Commission regulation (EC) no. 552\/2009 of June 2009 amending regulation (EC) no. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the council on the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) as regards annex XVII","volume":"64","author":"REACH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/aiht-2020-71-3452"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Wet 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Umwelt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01749.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12684"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.07.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"DIN EN 1811:2021\u201011.Reference test method for release of nickel from all post assemblies which are inserted into pierced parts of the human body and articles intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin.2022:1\u201063."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"German Federal Statistical Office.Unternehmen und Arbeitsst\u00e4tten.Kostenstruktur bei Fris\u00f6r\u2010 und Kosmetiksalons. 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