{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:54:00Z","timestamp":1747184040223,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthcare workers (HCWs) wash their hands with tap water (TW) and soap. However, hard TW causes dermatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to compare the effects of ultra\u2010pure soft water (UPSW) with those of TW on the hands of HWCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was a prospective randomized trial with a crossover design. All the nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the study centre were divided into Sequence 1 (UPSW to TW) or 2 (TW to UPSW) and washed their hands with TW or UPSW in alternating 4\u2010week periods with a 4\u2010week washout period. Trans\u2010epidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were evaluated. Skin condition was self\u2010assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one and 22 nurses were assigned to Sequence 1 and Sequence 2, respectively. USPW increased SCH to a significantly greater degree than TW (mean: 26.3 \u03bcS\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u00a0SD; 95% confidence interval: 1.12\u201351.54;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.041) although it did not affect TEWL. UPSW use significantly improved the subjects' skin condition, as reflected in an overall increase in the assessment scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>UPSW improved SCH and the condition of hand skin. Prolonged USPW use may increase nurses' comfort during work and hand hygiene compliance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T04:35:12Z","timestamp":1655699712000},"page":"521-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of ultra\u2010pure soft water on the hands of nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit: A randomized crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center Fuchu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Fujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center Fuchu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Support Center Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center Fuchu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13853"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8706-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01402-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00068-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta15080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12037"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555565102105","article-title":"Transepidermal water loss in dry and clinically normal skin in patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"65","author":"Werner Y","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555562334337","article-title":"The water\u2010binding capacity of stratum corneum in dry non\u2010eczematous skin of atopic eczema","volume":"62","author":"Werner Y","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680100089010"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Study on hand\u2010skin roughness and bacterial\u2010eradication effect in frequent handwashing with disinfectants","volume":"7","author":"Takamori S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ Infect"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guideline for hand hygiene in health\u2010care settings. 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