{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:10:08Z","timestamp":1787501408924,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nail stickers and nail tips are increasingly used nail products in Korea, and the rest of the world. However, no studies have examined if these specific consumer products might contain nickel, cobalt, and\/or chromium, that is, metals known to provoke contact allergy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to assess the release and content of nickel, cobalt, and chromium in nail stickers and tips by performing qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively, of 50 convenience samples purchased in Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty\u2010six qualitative spot tests were performed to determine the release of nickel, cobalt, and chromium on 35 nail stickers and 15 nail tips across five brands. Subsequently, the metal contents were quantified using inductively coupled plasma\u2010optical mass spectrometry (ICP\u2010MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the spot tests, nickel was released in 7\/86 (8.1%) tests before and 10\/86 (11.6%) tests after exposure to artificial sweat. Cobalt and chromium (VI) spot test results were negative. However, ICP\u2010MS detected nickel, cobalt, and chromium in 11%, 6.3%, and 16.7% of the samples, respectively. Detection rates were higher in nail tips than in stickers and were most common in rhinestones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nail stickers and tips may contain nickel, cobalt, and\/or chromium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T08:34:22Z","timestamp":1674203662000},"page":"389-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nickel, cobalt, and chromium in nail sticker and tip products in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Konyang University Hospital  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Myunggok Medical Research Center Konyang University College of Medicine  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Konyang University Hospital  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4205-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil Jae","family":"Pyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Konyang University Hospital  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Sun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Konyang University Hospital  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5464-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Bum","family":"Myung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Konyang University Hospital  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-724X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Konyang University Hospital  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Myunggok Medical Research Center Konyang University College of Medicine  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2013.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"European Committee for Standardization (Cen).Reference test method for release of nickel from all post assemblies which are inserted into pierced parts of the human body and articles intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. 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