{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T21:09:24Z","timestamp":1778015364384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003417","name":"Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To prevent irritant contact eczema even in occupational fields with heavy\u2010duty soiling, it is generally recommended to use \u2018mild\u2019 hand cleansers (mild detergent without grits, MC). On the other hand, since grit\u2010containing cleansers (GC) show a higher washing power that minimizes washing time, their usage is generally preferred in specific occupational fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare whether a shorter, intense washing period might cause less skin damage than a longer washing period with an MC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences in cleaning time were first verified in a pilot study using standardized model dirt. In the main study, the forearms of 35 healthy volunteers were washed with three standardized procedures over a period of 3\u2009days, either using 2\u2009min of MC with\/without hand brush or 1\u2010min GC. Clinical scoring, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), corneometry, colourimetry and scaliness\/roughness (Visioscan) were used to evaluate the epidermal barrier, topography and irritation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pre\u2010study showed that washing time doubled when using MC vs. GC. Using GC resulted in stronger barrier disruption, even after a shorter washing period \u2013 median \u0394T4\u2013T1 TEWL 0.96\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/h vs. 4.91\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/h respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001. The most harmful procedure for the skin was the additional application of a hand brush (18.86\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/h).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Short\u2010time washing with GC damages the skin barrier more significantly in comparison to a longer application of an MC. When washing with MC, the strongest irritant reaction occurred when accompanied with hand brushing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T07:58:39Z","timestamp":1675324719000},"page":"363-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Irritant potential of different washing procedures used for heavy\u2010duty soiling: Short and intense or longer and mild?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Gina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Wichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Social Accident Insurance \u2013 Institution for the Woodworking and Metalworking Industries (BGHM)  Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manig\u00e9","family":"Fartasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"TRGS 401.Technical rule for hazardous substances 401: risks resulting from skin contact \u2013 identification assessment measures. 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