{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:28:35Z","timestamp":1770812915053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06\/IDUB\/2019\/94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06\/IDUB\/2019\/94"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI059801\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI059801\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poly(I:C) is recognised by endosomal Toll\u2010like receptor 3 (TLR3) and activates cytotoxic CD8(+) lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. It has been shown that the viral TLR3 agonist induces robust and long\u2010lasting T\u2010cell\u2010mediated responses. In addition, TLR3 modulates the contact hypersensitivity reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether poly(I:C) injection can induce NK\u2010mediated hapten reactivity in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were treated with poly(I:C), and their response to dinitrofluorobenzene hapten was measured by assessing ear swelling and serum interferon gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) production. Adoptive cell transfer and cell sorting were used to investigate the mechanism of the reaction, and the phenotype of poly(I:C)\u2010activated liver NK cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that poly(I:C) administration increased ear swelling, serum IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels and the response to hapten in both immunocompetent and T\u2010 and B\u2010cell\u2010deficient mice. Only liver poly(I:C)\u2010activated DX5(+) NK cells were able to transfer reactivity to hapten into a naive recipient. Induction of liver NK cells after poly(I:C) administration was TLR3\/TRIF\u2010 and IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010dependent, interleukin 12\u2010independent, and not modulated by MyD88.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides new insights into how poly(I:C) stimulates NK\u2010mediated reactivity to hapten and suggests that liver NK cells may modulate the immune response to non\u2010pathogenic factors during viral infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T02:28:39Z","timestamp":1689733719000},"page":"230-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Natural killer cell\u2010mediated contact dermatitis\u2010like reaction induced by treatment with <scp>TLR3<\/scp> ligand poly(I:C)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8295-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Majewska\u2010Szczepanik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krakow Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Askenase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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