{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:28:39Z","timestamp":1767835719572,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006298","name":"S\u00e4chsische Aufbaubank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role and causality of the microbial ecosystem on the skin in relation to the development of hand eczema (HE) is still unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of different bacterial colonisations in HE patients and their association with the severity, symptoms and aetiology of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective cohort study of 167 HE patients, bacterial swabs from lesional skin were collected for culturing. Patients were categorised according to bacterial colonisation, HE severity, HE symptoms and HE aetiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the patients were tested positive for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009131, 78.4%) and\/or commensal skin flora (CSF; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009130, 77.8%), while other bacteria species were found only sporadically. Severe HE was significantly more prevalent in skin with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (odds ratio [OR]: 5.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21\u201311.94) and less common in skin with CSF (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.88). <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> colonisation was also associated with atopic HE aetiology (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and acute HE symptoms such as blisters, erosions and crusts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main colonisation of HE patients is with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and is associated with disease severity, acute HE symptoms and atopic HE aetiology. CSF is associated with mild HE, which could result in new therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T23:23:35Z","timestamp":1689722615000},"page":"270-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The role of bacterial colonisation in severity, symptoms and aetiology of hand eczema: The importance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> and presence of commensal skin flora"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Chapsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"R\u00f6nsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"L\u00f6we","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gunzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Beissert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Dresden  Dresden 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