{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:57:53Z","timestamp":1791197873347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hairdressers have a high prevalence of contact dermatitis, especially to nickel. The presence of nickel in hairdressing tools has been evaluated in the European Union, where the government limits nickel release levels from objects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to qualitatively investigate nickel release in hairdresser tools in both rural and urban United States, a country without nickel release legislation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hairdressers and individuals with hairdressing tools were invited to participate. Metallic parts of each tool were tested with dimethylglyoxime (DMG), which detects nickel release. Data on tool cost were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 89 tools from 9 salons and 2 over\u2010the\u2010counter sets were tested. Twenty\u2010four (27%) tested positive: trimmers (100%), curling irons (100%), clippers (50%), hair clips (36%), texturizing shears (26%), and trimming shears (4%). Nickel was detected in both salon and over\u2010the\u2010counter tools, and rural and urban salons. Nickel\u2010releasing tools were cheaper than DMG\u2010negative tools of the same type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings help explain the high prevalence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers, alert clinicians to consider occult occupational nickel when assessing patients with allergic contact dermatitis, reinforces the importance of using barrier protection including gloves when handling hairdressing tools including at home, and augments impetus for more legislation regulating common allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T08:00:33Z","timestamp":1693900833000},"page":"480-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nickel release from hairdressing tools in the <scp>United States<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia X.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Montefiore Medical Center  Bronx New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten R.","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"},{"name":"Contact Dermatitis Institute  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30534-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e318273a3b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.10.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.10.1231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.12.954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.043001027.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis in hairdressers: frequency and source of sensitisation","volume":"12","author":"Iorizzo M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-200306000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01206501-200503000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1046-199X(95)90064-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01844.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Hand contact dermatitis in hairdressers: clinical and causative allergens, experience in Bangkok","volume":"30","author":"Tresukosol P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2017.67843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency.Prolonged contact with the skin\u2014definition building for nickel. 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