{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:53:33Z","timestamp":1771559613067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many formulations of Alcohol\u2010based hand rubs (ABHRs), such as liquid, gel, and spray have been developed and used for preventing infections. This study aimed to compare skin irritation from using ABHRs in gel and spray formulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, randomised, crossover trial conducted to investigate the effect of skin irritation caused by ABHRs in gel compared to spray formulation after 21\u2009days of using each formulation. Clinical outcomes were assessed using subjective Larson's skin assessment score and Frosch and Kligman observer skin assessment score, as well as bioengineering measures: transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance on days 3, 7, 14, and 21.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 38 participants, both formulations showed no significant change in clinical scores and skin capacitance during the study. However, TEWL increased significantly from baseline on day 3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029) for the spray formulation and on day 21 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) for the gel formulation, with no statistically significant difference between the formulations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.46).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our research supports the safety of gel and spray ABHRs for regular use, with the only potential issue being mild skin irritation. For those with sensitive skin, the gel formulation is preferable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T02:31:46Z","timestamp":1702434706000},"page":"394-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A comparative study on the effect of alcohol\u2010based hand sanitizers in spray and gel formulation on the skin: A prospective, randomised, crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Chananya","family":"Suwanchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Srinakharinwirot University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montree","family":"Udompataikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Srinakharinwirot University  Bangkok 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