{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:28:44Z","timestamp":1781015324259,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patch test is the gold standard for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. Conventionally, the patches are applied for 48\u2009h, which in tropical weather conditions causes excessive sweating, leading to irritation, and sometimes the patches come off, making the test inconclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the patch test positivity after 24 and 48\u2009h of occlusion time in patients of allergic contact dermatitis, using standard allergen concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinically suspected patients of allergic contact dermatitis were enrolled and patch tested using the Indian Standard Series, parthenium acetone extracts (1:50, 1:100 and 1:200 dilutions) and patient material. Patches were applied in duplicate on either side of the back, using a random number table. One set of patches was removed after 24\u2010h of occlusion, while the other set after 48\u2010h. Readings were performed at 48\u2010 and 96\u2010h by two independent dermatologists, blinded to the duration of occlusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study had 97 adult patients (58 males and 39 females; mean age: 48.12\u2009\u00b1\u200913.07\u2009years). A total of 133 and 142 positive reactions were observed after 48\u2009h occlusion at 48 and 96\u2009h reading, respectively. Of these 117 (87.9%) and 132 (92.9%) patches were positive and concordant and noted at 24\u2009h occlusion time. The Cohen's kappa coefficient were 0.94 for 48\u2009h and 0.97 for 96\u2009h reading, hence showing an almost complete agreement (<jats:italic>\u2c6a<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.81) between patches occluded for 24 and 48\u2009h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Though there is no significant difference in patch test positivity among ISS allergens after either occlusion time, 48\u2009h occlusion performs significantly better compared with 24\u2009h, when reactions of all allergens (ISS, patient material and parthenium acetone extract) are analysed together.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T05:48:49Z","timestamp":1710827329000},"page":"54-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of patch test positivity after 24 and 48\u2009hours of occlusion time in patients of allergic contact dermatitis: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3314-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhea","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neetu","family":"Bhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gomathy","family":"Sethuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kalaivani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8178-6388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaushal","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Six hour versus 48\u2010hour patch testing with varying concentrations of potassium dichromate","volume":"9","author":"Kossan MK","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Patch testing with nickel sulphate under occlusion for five hours","volume":"68","author":"Bruze M","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venerol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Reduction of antigen exposure time in patch tests to 24 hours","volume":"53","author":"Jayant DK","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-6691.162984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042006315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000078696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70220-9"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.14543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T02:52:57Z","timestamp":1717383177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.14543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.14543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14543","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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