{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:37:59Z","timestamp":1788475079730,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse results of a large isocyanate patch test series of 19 isocyanate test substances and 4,4\u2032\u2010diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), a marker of 4,4\u2032\u2010diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) hypersensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Test files were screened for positive reactions in the isocyanate series. Patients with positive reactions were analysed for occupation, exposure and diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2010\u20132019, 53 patients had positive reactions in the series (16% of 338 patients tested). MDA, the well\u2010established screening substance for MDI allergy, was positive in 30 patients, an in\u2010house monomeric MDI test substance in 23 patients and 3 different polymeric MDI test substances in 19\u201321 patients. We diagnosed 16 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from MDI including 3 pipe reliners. Hexamethylene\u20101,6\u2010diisocyanate (HDI) oligomers in paint hardeners caused 5 cases of OACD, more cases than 2,4\u2010toluene diisocyanate (TDI; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) put together.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to previous studies, polymeric MDI test substances were not superior to a monomeric MDI. Pipe reliners may get sensitised not only by epoxy products and acrylates but also by MDI in hardeners of PU pipe coatings. HDI oligomers were the second most important causes of OACD after MDI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T05:14:35Z","timestamp":1719983675000},"page":"212-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nine years of patch testing with isocyanates in a clinic of occupational dermatology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiina","family":"Aalto\u2010Korte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0356-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-6846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sari","family":"Suomela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1353-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katri","family":"Suuronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01786.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-07677-4_75"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency.Chemical products register. Accessed 11 April 2024.https:\/\/www.kemidigi.fi\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.02028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14222"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.14621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T23:44:40Z","timestamp":1723419880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.14621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.14621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}