{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:07:13Z","timestamp":1791137233194,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hand eczema (HE) is a prevalent disease among professional cleaners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate how often cleaners have their self\u2010reported HE, induced or worsened by cleaners' occupational activities, reported as an occupational disease to the authorities in Denmark and to identify reasons for underreporting. In addition, consultation by physicians and treatment for HE among cleaners were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional questionnaire\u2010based study included hospital cleaners at three different hospitals in Region Zealand, Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 224 out of 234 cleaners from three hospitals (response rate: 96%). The lifetime prevalence of self\u2010reported HE with onset in adulthood was 18.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941), with cleaners believing every case to be caused or exacerbated by their occupation. Only 9.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094\/41) of the cases were reported as an occupational disease to the authorities. The most common reasons for non\u2010reporting were a lack of perceived seriousness of the disease (40.5%) and unawareness of the risk of self\u2010reported HE being of occupational origin (32.4%). Remarkably, only 75.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928\/37) of workers with unreported cases had consulted a physician at some point. Additionally, among cleaners who self\u2010reported HE attributed or aggravated by their occupation, but not officially reported as such, only 56.8% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921\/37) had ever used hand moisturisers, while less than 45% had ever used topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings reveal substantial underreporting of self\u2010reported HE, perceived to be induced or worsened by the cleaner's occupational activities, as an occupational disease to the authorities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T08:23:54Z","timestamp":1721377434000},"page":"285-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reporting of self\u2010reported hand eczema as an occupational disease in hospital cleaners: A cross\u2010sectional questionnaire\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Farnam Barati","family":"Sedeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1338-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Glenn","family":"Ullum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4518-5187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl Bang","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00f3runn El\u00edsabet","family":"Michaelsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole Steen","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Social Medicine Holb\u00e6k University Hospital  Holb\u00e6k Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor Borut","family":"Jemec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina Sophie","family":"Ibler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.Occupational Skin Diseases and Dermal Exposure in the European Union (EU\u201025): Policy and Practice Overview. 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