{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1791862460203,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007036","name":"Milj\u00f8styrelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. Hidden formaldehyde, that is, formaldehyde in products without formaldehyde releasers, has previously been detected in cosmetic products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the content and causes of hidden formaldehyde in leave\u2010on cosmetic products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The formaldehyde release from 142 cosmetic products, primarily creams, was analysed using the chromotropic acid (CA) method. The study included 130 products with no formaldehyde releasers on the ingredient list and 12 products with formaldehyde releasers. Products without formaldehyde releasers positive to CA, that is, with formaldehyde \u22652.5\u2009ppm, were additionally analysed using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Formaldehyde release from selected raw materials and packaging were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hidden formaldehyde was found in 23 of the 130 products (18%) without formaldehyde releasers on the ingredient list. The average formaldehyde content was 105\u2009ppm (range: 0.5\u2013507\u2009ppm) in products with hidden formaldehyde and 355\u2009ppm (range: 75\u2013637\u2009ppm) in eight products with formaldehyde releasers, selected for HPLC analysis. Impurities of formaldehyde in dihydroxyacetone may be a cause of hidden formaldehyde in self\u2010tanners. No clear pattern was found for the other products with hidden formaldehyde.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in regulation are needed to prevent allergic contact dermatitis from hidden formaldehyde in cosmetic products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T05:39:42Z","timestamp":1724045982000},"page":"497-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hidden formaldehyde in cosmetic products"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7749-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekka","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia Brunn","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FORCE Technology  Br\u00f8ndby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke Munch","family":"Gelardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FORCE Technology  Br\u00f8ndby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susann","family":"Geschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FORCE Technology  Br\u00f8ndby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0418-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob Ferl\u00f8v Baselius","family":"Schwensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne Duus","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/COD.13052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/COD.14089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2020.07.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1600\u20100536.2009.01582.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council","volume":"52","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Commission Regulation (EU) 2019\/831 of 22 May 2019 amending annexes II, III and V to regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and the council on cosmetic products","year":"2019","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100536.2007.01170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/MED\u20102015\u20100047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/COD.12493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC).ACCC research survey of Formaldehyde in Cosmetics 2010.2010. 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