{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:57:27Z","timestamp":1777420647646,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020038","name":"Ny Carlsbergfondet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rubber accelerators are used in the vulcanization of rubber. However, rubber accelerators for example tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) may cause contact allergy. Concomitant reactions between ZDEC and TETD have been observed in patients which could be explained by co\u2010 or cross\u2010reactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate cross\u2010reactivity between TETD and ZDEC and vice versa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Groups of mice were sensitized with TETD or ZDEC based on reported EC3\u2010values. Proliferation of lymphocytes were measured on day 5. To test cross\u2010reactivity, mice were sensitized and challenged 3\u2009weeks later with TETD or ZDEC. The inflammatory response was measured by changes in ear thickness and the proliferative response in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the submandibular and cervical draining lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitization of mice with doses of ZDEC 3%, TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased ear thickness and proliferation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Challenge with ZDEC or TETD in these groups induced significant increased ear thickness. Challenge with ZDEC in mice sensitized to TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased proliferation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show cross\u2010reactivity between TETD and ZDEC. Patients sensitized to TETD or ZDEC should avoid exposure to both ZDEC and TETD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T07:29:08Z","timestamp":1727508548000},"page":"137-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cross\u2010reactivity between thiuram disulfides and dithiocarbamates. A study of <scp>TETD<\/scp> and <scp>ZDEC<\/scp> using mouse models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoffer","family":"Kursawe Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7576-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders Boutrup","family":"Funch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Vaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Kitt Davidson","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mia Hamilton","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9756-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob F. B.","family":"Schwensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Zachariae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Svedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 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