{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:56:56Z","timestamp":1776182216070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["35961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012171","name":"Ontario Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004381","name":"Western University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traces of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), are a major concern for skin contact with Cr\u2010tanned leather. Current extraction methods (ISO 17075\u20101:2017) for Cr(VI) testing do not necessarily reflect the true potential of surface\u2010formed Cr(VI), as extracted concentrations are dependent on previous storage and atmospheric conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test whether a spiking method protocol can distinguish leathers with high and low risks of releasing Cr(VI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two groups of leather types were selected based on previously detected Cr(VI) (group A) and optimal tanning practices with high antioxidants (group B), corresponding to a high and low risk of forming and keeping Cr(VI). Leathers were spiked with different concentrations up to 10\u2009mg\/kg of Cr(VI) and incubated at 80\u00b0C for 24\u2009h prior to the ISO 17075\u20101:2017 extraction protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All Cr(VI) was reduced by group B leathers, whereas all group A leather extracts contained detectable Cr(VI) that was dependent on the exact leather type and the amount initially spiked.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010treatment of samples with supplemental Cr(VI) is a potential method for determining the reduction capabilities of leather, which are closely related to the risk of Cr(VI) formation. 10\u2009mg\/kg spiking unambiguously distinguished leathers with high and low risks of forming Cr(VI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T23:44:31Z","timestamp":1733269471000},"page":"234-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Method to Distinguish Chromium\u2010Tanned Leathers With Low and High Risks of Surface Hexavalent Chromium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4692-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas F.","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surface Science Western, the University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda S.","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Surface Science Western, the University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126804"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42825\u2010020\u201000027\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58503-1_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000230917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12531034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Proposition 65 \u201cSafe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 \u201d [25249.5\u201325249.14]C.Law(1986)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"ECHA \u201cOpinion on an Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions on Skin sensitising substances \u201d2020 https:\/\/echaeuropaeu\/documents\/10162\/16dbaec6\u20104563\u20106820\u2010ec3d\u2010c0f2124ce725; 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