{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T02:23:22Z","timestamp":1768271002526,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Despite legislation aimed to protect the population against skin sensitization in the European Union (EU), over one quarter of the general population is sensitised to at least one chemical.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To provide an overview and comparison of European legislation concerning skin sensitization. In addition, we gathered the opinions of experts and stakeholders regarding improvements in the legislation and risk assessment process in the EU, to provide suggestions for improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Legislation was identified and compared. Four questionnaires were created towards industry, competent authorities and regulators, researchers\/clinicians, and non\u2010governmental organisations. The questions concerned the legislation, the risk assessment process, data collection and potential improvements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Seven areas of legislation were analysed. The legislation was found to be unharmonised, for example, differing modes of restriction and accepted tests for skin sensitization. Approximately 40% of the questionnaire respondents found that the EU legislation and tools were not sufficiently protective. To improve the legislation 83% suggested harmonisation and 68% suggested better data sharing. Other areas were: improved exposure data (78%), better understanding of the skin sensitization mechanism (67%) and non\u2010animal tests (66%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Stakeholders had varying confidence towards the protection of European citizens against skin sensitization. Multiple areas for improvement regarding the legislations and the risk assessment process were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T10:59:51Z","timestamp":1738925991000},"page":"446-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Legislation and Current Practices Concerning Risk Assessment of Skin Sensitizers in the European Union: A Comparative and Survey Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7185-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Krogh Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Allergy Research Centre (Videncenter for Allergi), Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0418-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob Ferl\u00f8v Baselius","family":"Schwensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Allergy Research Centre (Videncenter for Allergi), Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3504-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Hern\u00e1n","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology National Institute of Occupational Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steen","family":"Mollerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Occupational Toxicology National Institute of Occupational Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0653-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Selvestrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Environmental Health Department Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Milano Italy"},{"name":"Division of Toxicology Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9193-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Rud\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3984-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin F.","family":"Wilks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology & Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne Duus","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Allergy Research Centre (Videncenter for Allergi), Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev\u2010Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"European Commission \u201cRegulation (EC) No. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 Concerning the Registration Evaluation Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) \u201dconsolidated version: 14\/10\/2022 accessed 30\/01\/2023 https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A02006R1907\u201020221014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"European Commission \u201cRegulation (EC) No. 1272\/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on Classification Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures 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