{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:47:17Z","timestamp":1787014037840,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children are particularly susceptible to environmental pollutants. This study assessed the skin sensitisation risk associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), prevalent in toys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the skin sensitisation potential of PAHs using the KeratinoSens assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual PAHs (acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F), chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and triphenylene) and ternary mixtures containing B[a]P were assessed for their ability to activate the Keap1\u2010Nrf2\u2010ARE pathway in human keratinocytes. The concentration addition model and additive index were used to predict and analyse mixture effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the individual PAHs, B[k]F demonstrated the most potent activation of the pathway, exhibiting a 34\u2010fold higher potency relative to B[a]P. B[b]F, chrysene and B[a]P also exhibited significant activation, while the remaining PAHs displayed negligible or weak activation. Notably, PAH mixtures exhibited synergistic effects, except for those composed solely of potent sensitizers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first assessment of the skin sensitization potential of these PAHs. The findings suggest that B[k]F, B[b]F and chrysene may pose a higher risk of skin sensitisation than previously thought. Additionally, the synergistic effects observed in mixtures highlight the importance of considering combined exposures when assessing PAH exposure risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T07:28:26Z","timestamp":1742023706000},"page":"31-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Activation of the Keap1\u2010Nrf2\u2010\n                    <scp>ARE<\/scp>\n                    Pathway by\n                    <scp>PAHs<\/scp>\n                    in Children's Toys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8708-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Lauenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"van de Weyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Alsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wiedmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 1\u2014Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development Anhalt University of Applied Sciences  Bernburg 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Social, and Environmental Medicine Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), MAK Value Documentation 2012","author":"Hartwig 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