{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:06:56Z","timestamp":1777644416308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\u201001030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u201001030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201001093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201001093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002706","name":"AFA F\u00f6rs\u00e4kring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The carba mix is used to screen rubber chemical allergy and consists of three rubber sensitising chemicals: 1% (w\/w) zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), 1% (w\/w) zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) and 1% (w\/w) 1,3\u2010diphenylguanidine (DPG), all in petrolatum. However, carba mix patch test results can be difficult to interpret, which may be linked to so\u2010called \u2018cocktail\u2019 effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The carba mix was used as a \u2018model mixture\u2019 to better understand human reactions observed in clinical patch testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the responses of a human cell model resembling dendritic cells to the carba mix single constituents ZDEC, ZDBC and DPG and to predefined mixtures capturing the molar composition of the carba mix using transcriptomic approaches and immunological and biochemical assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected unique cell responses to individual chemicals, where DPG was inducing ROS production and affecting autophagic flux. The combination of ZDEC, ZDBC and DPG induced higher levels of IL\u20108 secretion than expected based on the IL\u20108 levels in response to single chemical exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data collected in this study support the hypothesis that the carba mix can give rise to cocktail effects. Considering exposure profiles, patch testing with separate carba mix sensitisers may be more appropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T02:54:53Z","timestamp":1751511293000},"page":"316-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Carba Mix\u2014In Vitro Investigations of Potential Cocktail Effects in Patch Tests With Rubber Allergens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5401-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Ljungberg Silic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (DOED) Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato Ivan","family":"de \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotechnology Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Safety, Environmental and Regulatory Science (SERS) Unilever  Bedfordshire United\u00a0Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Carreira\u2010Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotechnology Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Mer\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotechnology Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Bergendorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (DOED) Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3945-6534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin S.","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotechnology Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02965.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.104445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.59.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"OECD \u201cTest No. 442E: In\u00a0Vitro Skin Sensitisation \u201d 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"EURL\u2010ECVAM \u201cGARDTMskin Assay Protocol EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing \u201d 2021 https:\/\/tsar.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/Published\/GARDskin%20Assay%20Protocol%20TSAR.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"The GARD Platform for Potency Assessment of Skin Sensitizing Chemicals","volume":"34","author":"Zeller K. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"ALTEX\u2010Alternatives to Animal Experimentation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02652.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-04043-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1797280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.3.7664"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026119291003800403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.644700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.103647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2024.2308816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenvironau.4c00059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.5.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207782110390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00109-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2014.987924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0340TR"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.13.1800"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.14833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T09:08:49Z","timestamp":1757322529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.14833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.14833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14833","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}