{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:37:27Z","timestamp":1787884647772,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from diabetes devices remains a significant concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To report ACD from Guardian 3 and 4 glucose sensors (G3\/4 sensors) due to multiple skin sensitizers, that is, isobornyl acrylate (IBOA),\n                      <jats:italic>N,N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and also 1,6\u2010hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), isocyanates, colophonium derivatives, tert\u2010butylphenols (TBPs) and salicylates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven patients with ACD from G3\/4 sensors, evaluated between January 2020 and December 2024, were patch\u2010tested to a baseline, acrylate, isocyanate and plastics and glue series. The sensors and their overtape (Oval Tape) were analysed with gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients (44%) reacted to colophonium (derivatives), followed by IBOA (31%) and isocyanates (29%). Fewer, yet remarkable reactions were observed to HDDA (20%), TBPs (12.5%) and DMAA (8%). All IBOA and DMAA\u2010allergic patients had been previously sensitised by the FreeStyle I sensor, whereas patients using G3\/4 sensors as their first diabetes device were not sensitised to these two allergens. Chemical analyses confirmed the presence of colophonium derivatives, IBOA, DMAA, HDDA, isocyanates, TBPs and, interestingly, also salicylates, as skin sensitizers in these sensors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The newer glucose sensors Guardian 3 and 4 contain, besides IBOA and DMAA, also HDDA, together with a multitude of other skin sensitizers that put patients at risk of developing ACD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T06:24:47Z","timestamp":1755843887000},"page":"514-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["1,6\u2010Hexanediol Diacrylate, Isocyanates and Other Skin Sensitizers Are Emerging Contact Allergens in Guardian Glucose Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Ella","family":"Dendooven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp)  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products &amp; Food Research and Analysis\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology (NATURAPT) University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleur","family":"Haentjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp)  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0837-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silada","family":"Kanokrungsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp)  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Naessens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products &amp; Food Research and Analysis\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology (NATURAPT) University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmy","family":"Tuenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products &amp; Food Research and Analysis\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology (NATURAPT) University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenn","family":"Foubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products &amp; Food Research and Analysis\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology (NATURAPT) University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products &amp; Food Research and Analysis\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology (NATURAPT) University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Dirinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology\u2010Diabetology\u2010Metabolism University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UA)  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"De Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology\u2010Diabetology\u2010Metabolism University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UA)  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Aerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp)  Antwerp 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