{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:07:37Z","timestamp":1792591657043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin barrier impairment is central to irritant (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Stratum corneum (SC) components cholesterol sulphate (CholSulph), glucosylcholesterol (CholGlc) and natural moisturising factor (NMF) are critical for barrier function, but their changes in ICD and ACD remain underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure CholSulph, CholGlc, NMF and IL\u20101\u03b1 in patch\u2010induced ICD and ACD and in hand dermatitis (HD) diagnosed as ICD or ACD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SC samples were collected from HD patients undergoing patch testing. Biomarkers were analysed in positive reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (ICD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200944), allergens (ACD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009113; nickel, chromium, methylisothiazolinone [MI]), lesional HD skin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945) and control (empty chamber,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009121).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CholGlc was significantly elevated in patch\u2010induced ICD and ACD. CholSulph was increased in ICD and chromium\u2010 and MI\u2010induced ACD. NMF decreased in ICD, while IL\u20101\u03b1 decreased in ICD and chromium ACD. Chromium induced the strongest response, nickel the weakest. In HD, ICD and ACD showed elevated CholGlc, reduced NMF and IL\u20101\u03b1, with CholSulph increased only in ACD. No biomarker differences were detected between clinical ICD and ACD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both induced and clinical ICD and ACD show consistent SC biomarker changes reflecting barrier dysfunction, with no differences between clinical ICD and ACD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T01:07:18Z","timestamp":1766452038000},"page":"317-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Skin Barrier Biomarkers in Patch\u2010Induced and Clinical Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1063-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Kezic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public and Occupational Health Department Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7595-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florentine","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public and Occupational Health Department Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2007-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nariman K. A.","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public and Occupational Health Department Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Ghauharali\u2010van der","family":"Vlugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Femke S.","family":"Beers\u2010Stet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wouter","family":"Ouwerkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"National Heart Centre Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivone","family":"Jakasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7580-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rustemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Allergology and Occupational Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers  Noord\u2010Holland the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk F.","family":"van der Molen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public and Occupational Health Department Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research  Amsterdam the 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