{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:27:08Z","timestamp":1788956828535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2\u2010octyl\u2010cyanoacrylate\u2010mesh\u2010systems are used as topical wound closure devices in surgery and are increasingly associated with allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Formaldehyde, a degradation byproduct of cyanoacrylates and a potent sensitiser, is believed to be associated with this reaction, but emission levels have not been quantified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A bench microchamber study was performed using standardised 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094\u2009cm polyester mesh with applied 2\u2010octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive in a 30\u2009L chamber (25\u00b0C, 1\u2009atm, 1\u2009h\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      air exchange). Formaldehyde off\u2010gassing was captured with DNPH cartridges (NIOSH 2016) and quantified via HPLC\u2010UV over 2\u2009h. Data were upscaled to simulate clinical use and projected to 14\u2009days under constant\u2010flux and flux\u2010halving scenarios.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dermal loads at 14\u2009days reached 8.4\u2009\u03bcg\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , over eight times the EPA 1\u2009\u03bcg\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      benchmark and above the 4.5\u20137.5\u2009\u03bcg\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      elicitation range reported in formaldehyde\u2010sensitive patients. Under flux\u2010halving conditions, dermal exposure remained at 4.8\u2009\u03bcg\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , nearly five times the EPA benchmark and above the elicitation threshold. Mean 2\u2010h airborne concentrations of 0.020\u20130.0385\u2009ppm exceeded the NIOSH limit of 0.016\u2009ppm by approximately 1.25\u20132.41\u2010fold.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2\u2010octyl\u2010cyanoacrylate\u2010mesh\u2010systems emit formaldehyde at levels exceeding sensitization and inhalation thresholds, raising concern for dermal and respiratory exposure, particularly in sensitised individuals. Prior sensitisation from adhesives such as nail, eyelash or super glues may heighten risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:54:40Z","timestamp":1771289680000},"page":"635-644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Formaldehyde Emissions From 2\u2010Octyl Cyanoacrylate: Quantified Risk for Allergic Contact Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Rouhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ghodsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavana M.","family":"Sanjay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Skin, Inc.  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simrin A.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Skin, Inc.  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Mark","family":"Mofid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2006\u20108808.63727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029\u2010011\u20100887\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Perera A. 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