{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:44:48Z","timestamp":1792122288807,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glove occlusion increases skin susceptibility to irritants (\u2018occlusion effect\u2019). Previous experimental data showed that applying protective creams (PCs) before glove occlusion does not prevent this effect and may even aggravate irritant responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether the application of PCs after glove occlusion modifies the occlusion effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized, single\u2010blind (participants were blinded) study, 68 healthy volunteers were examined over 10\u2009days. Two commercially available PCs (A, B) and one standardized model cream (C) were applied after occlusion for over 4\u2009h to defined forearm sites. On day 8, sites were exposed to 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) for 24\u2009h to evaluate skin irritation susceptibility. Additional conditions included (I) daily application of cream C without occlusion until day 7 or (II) until Day 8, with the final application 10\u2009min before SLS exposure. Skin responses were assessed by TEWL, corneometry, colourimetry and clinical scoring. Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests were used to compare control areas to sides after PC application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Post\u2010occlusion application of the PCs did not demonstrate a consistent protective effect. Cream A slightly reduced SLS\u2010induced TEWL (10.88\u2009g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/h after application following glove use vs. 12.13\u2009g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/h without application; adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), whereas cream B increased TEWL (13.44 vs. 12.42\u2009g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/h; adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Cream C showed no significant effect on TEWL (11.99 vs. 12.38\u2009g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/h;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In contrast, application of cream C shortly before SLS exposure in the absence of occlusion (condition II) significantly reduced TEWL (7.09 vs. 12.38\u2009g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/h; adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and erythema. However, earlier application (condition I) did not yield a protective effect (11.92 vs. 12.38\u2009g\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/h).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the majority of study scenarios, application of PCs after glove occlusion did not have a clinically relevant positive effect on the skin responses studied. Protective efficacy probably depends on formulation and timing, underscoring the need for evidence\u2010based recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:17:57Z","timestamp":1784161077000},"page":"437-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post\u2010Occlusion Application of Skin Protective Creams Does Not Affect Occlusion\u2010Induced Barrier Changes: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Gina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7708-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Wichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4205-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Krabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)  Bochum 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