{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:55:05Z","timestamp":1790574905644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rubber additives are established causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD), but data from North Africa are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize OACD due to rubber additives in a Tunisian tertiary referral population and assess its impact on fitness for work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study included all adult patients diagnosed with OACD to rubber additives between 1998 and 2025. Patch testing was performed with the European baseline series, with additional rubber series in selected cases. Clinical, occupational and allergological data were analysed. Associations with MOAHLFA index and temporal trends were assessed using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty patients were included. Thiurams were the most frequent sensitizers (74%), followed by benzothiazole derivatives (24%) and p\u2010phenylenediamine derivatives (14%). The healthcare sector predominated (51%) and gloves were the main exposure source (88%). Sensitization to multiple rubber additive families occurred in 19% of cases. No significant associations were found with MOAHLFA index after adjustment and no significant temporal trends were observed. Workplace adaptation was required in all cases and OACD met criteria for compensation as an occupational disease in 92%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OACD due to rubber additives remains frequent and is associated with a substantial occupational impact, emphasizing the need for preventive measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.70253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:00:47Z","timestamp":1790571647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis due to Rubber Additives in Tunisia: A 27\u2010Year Retrospective Study of Clinical and Occupational Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8306-2072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emna","family":"Baraketi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine Rabta University Hospital  Tunis Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihen","family":"Hsinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine Rabta University Hospital  Tunis Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0706-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihel","family":"Khouja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine Rabta University Hospital  Tunis Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2214-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Benzarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine Rabta University Hospital  Tunis Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University Tunis El Manar  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14280","article-title":"Occupational Contact Allergy: The European Perspective\u2013Analysis of Patch Test Data From ESSCA Between 2011 and 2020","volume":"88","author":"Bauer A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.5414\/ALX02265E","article-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Rubber Accelerators in Protective Gloves: Problems, Challenges, and Solutions for Occupational Skin Protection","volume":"5","author":"Hansen A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergologie Select"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.042","article-title":"Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Retrospective Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001 to 2016","volume":"86","author":"DeKoven J. G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12333","article-title":"Patch Test Results of the European Baseline Series Among Patients With Occupational Contact Dermatitis Across Europe\u2013Analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy Network, 2002\u20132010","volume":"72","author":"Pesonen M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14423","article-title":"European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Results With the European Baseline Series, 2013\/14","volume":"31","author":"Uter W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12736","article-title":"Patch Testing With Rubber Series in E Urope: A Critical Review and Recommendation","volume":"76","author":"Warburton K. L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13938","article-title":"Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A 24\u2010Year, Retrospective Cohort Study From Turkey","volume":"85","author":"\u00d6zkaya E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Statistiques G\u00e9n\u00e9rales Des Accidents de Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles 2023\u20132024 https:\/\/www.cnam.nat.tn\/stat.jsp."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432","article-title":"European Society of Contact Dermatitis Guideline for Diagnostic Patch Testing\u2013Recommendations on Best Practice","volume":"73","author":"Johansen J. D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Patch Testing and Prick Testing: A Practical Guide Official Publication of the ICDRG","author":"Lachapelle J.\u2010M.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70096-7","article-title":"Contact Dermatitis and Workers' Compensation: Criteria for Establishing Occupational Causation and Aggravation","volume":"20","author":"Mathias C. 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L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14421","article-title":"Contact Allergy to Rubber Accelerators in Consecutively Patch Tested Danish Eczema Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study From 1990 to 2019","volume":"90","author":"Kursawe Larsen C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12134","article-title":"A Survey of Exposures Related to Recognized Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Denmark in 2010","volume":"70","author":"Car\u00f8e T. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12454","article-title":"ESSCA Results With the Baseline Series, 2009\u20132012: Rubber Allergens","volume":"73","author":"Warburton K. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"MC Dermatoses Professionnelles au Caoutchouc 2020 https:\/\/www.inrs.fr\/media.html?refINRS=TA%20104."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13688","article-title":"Relevance of Contact Sensitizations in Occupational Dermatitis Patients With Special Focus on Patch Testing of Workplace Materials","volume":"83","author":"Schubert S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2024.02.005","article-title":"Review on Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Research Advancements on the Use of Medical Gloves Concerning Hand Dermatitis Among Health Care Workers","volume":"15","author":"Gunasegaran J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Safety and Health at Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13269","article-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Synthetic Rubber Gloves in Healthcare Workers: Sensitization to 1, 3\u2010Diphenylguanidine Is Common","volume":"81","author":"Dejonckheere G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12168","article-title":"Reaction Profile in Patch Testing With Allergens Formed During Vulcanization of Rubber","volume":"70","author":"Hansson C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.70000","article-title":"Evaluation of Patients With Positive Patch Test Reactions to Rubber Additives: A Retrospective Study From Turkey Between 1996 and 2023","volume":"93","author":"Aydo\u011fdu \u0130. 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F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reval.2022.02.093","article-title":"Les Dermatites de Contact Allergiques Professionnelles: \u00c0 Propos D'une S\u00e9rie de cas Collig\u00e9s \u00e0 L'Institut de Sant\u00e9 et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 au Travail de Tunis","volume":"62","author":"Ben Rhouma M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise D'allergologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12869","article-title":"Occupational Hand Eczema and\/or Contact Urticaria: Factors Associated With Change of Profession or Not Remaining in the Workforce","volume":"78","author":"Car\u00f8e T. K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"}],"container-title":["Contact Dermatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.70253","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cod.70253","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cod.70253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1790571652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cod.70253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cod.70253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.70253","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-1873","1600-0536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cod.70253"}}