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This review was carried out to evaluate demographic factors for microscopic colitis and to perform a systematic assessment of available treatment options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relevant publications up to December 2013 were identified following searches of PubMed and Google Scholar using the key words \u2018microscopic colitis\u2019, \u2018collagenous colitis\u2019 and \u2018lymphocytic colitis\u2019. Two\u2010hundred and forty\u2010eight articles were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The term microscopic colitis includes lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. Both have common clinical symptoms but are well defined histopathologically. The clinical course is usually benign, but serious complications, including death, may occur. A peak incidence from 60 to 70\u00a0years of age with a female preponderance is observed. Although most cases are idiopathic, associations with autoimmune disorders, such as coeliac disease and hypothyroidism, as well as with exposure to nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and proton\u2010pump inhibitors, have been observed. The incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis is rising and good\u2010quality epidemiological research is needed. Treatment is currently largely based on anecdotal evidence and on results from limited clinical trials of budesonide. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up of these patients is not well established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review synthesizes work on the definition of microscopic colitis and the relationship between collagenous and lymphocytic colitis. It reviews the international epidemiology and work on aetiology. In addition, it critically considers the efficacy of a range of treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T09:34:47Z","timestamp":1404898487000},"page":"957-964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Microscopic colitis: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Farrukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Centre University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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