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Despite this, there is little consensus on baseline investigations, patient selection and operative technique. A modified Delphi process was conducted to seek consensus on the current practice of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> and constipation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> and constipation was conducted using PubMed. A set of questions derived from the search and expert opinion were answered on\u2010line on two occasions by an international panel of specialists from Europe. A 1\u2010day face\u2010to\u2010face meeting of the experts finalized the discussion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and ninety\u2010three articles were identified from the literature search, of which 147 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty\u2010two specialists in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> and constipation from Europe participated. Agreement was achieved on 43 (86%) of 50 domains including the set\u2010up of service, patient selection, baseline investigations, operative technique and programming of the device. The median of agreement was 95% (35\u2013100%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consensus was achieved on the majority of domains of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> and constipation. This should serve as a benchmark for safe and quality practice of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> in Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T12:30:04Z","timestamp":1421843404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation: a <scp>E<\/scp>uropean consensus statement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit St Mark's Hospital Harrow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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